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KMID : 1142220190140010001
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Regulatory Research on Food, Drug & Cosmetic
2019 Volume.14 No. 1 p.1 ~ p.23
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Study for the Change and Evolution of Administrative System in terms of Medicinal Products in Korea from the Late 19th Century to Present
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Hong Chong-Hui
Kang Jong-Seong
Chae Gyu-Han
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Abstract
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The objective of this study is to identify characteristics of each historical period and find their meanings by investigating and analyzing organization-related acts and regulations of the administrative systems in terms of medicinal products. The historical period for this study covers from the late 19th century through the present Republic of Korea administration. The period includes Joseon Dynasty, the Korean Great Empire (KGE) (1897- 1910), the Japanese Forced Occupation (JFO) (1910-1945), the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (PGROK) (1919-1945), the United States Army Military Government (USAMG) (1945-1948) as well as the Republic of Korea administration (1948-present). The Joseon Dynasty and the KGE government established the new public health administrative system including control of medicinal products and their emerging industry as well as infectious disease management and preparedness since the late 19th century. They made efforts to further develop the system until the end of the KGE in early 20th century. The system was not developed further and rather degraded during the JFO period as it was used for surveillance and control tools of the colony, not as the public health purpose. In contrast, during the late half of the PGROK, the government considered and actively discussed establishing the Ministry of Public Health understanding the importance of the public health of Korean people. Since the beginning of the USAMG in 1945, the military government transferred public health responsibility out from the police department to the newly established the Department of Public Health and Welfare. The Republic of Korea government, which launched in 1948, has significantly developed and modernized the Public Health administrative system including medicinal products. In 1963, the role of Korean National Institute of Health was reformed and carried out the research and production of medicine products such as vaccine. In the late 1980s, the medicinal products-related administrative system made a big leap by establishing the evaluation system regarding the new drug development. In 1996, the independent administration system of medicinal products, the Headquarters of Food and Drug Safety, was established. Two years later, it expanded and restructured to the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). In 2013, it was elevated to the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). In conclusion, the Korean medicinal products-related administrative system has continuously evolved from being a part of sanitary and health administration to an independent medicinal productrelated administrative system, responding to the issues at the time. Also, the administrative system has been developed along with science and technology. Finally, in the midst of historical changes, the most important driver to make decision on the medicinal product policy is to have sovereignty as the foundation.
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KEYWORD
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Drugs, Pharmaceuticals, Medicinal products, Small pox vaccine, Sanitary control by police, Public health, Pharmaceutical affairs bureau, New drug development, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Administrative system, Korea
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